- Pharmacy Students' Knowledge and Confidence of Penicillin Allergies Following Focused Didactic Instruction and Simulation
Objective To evaluate pharmacy students' knowledge and confidence regarding penicillin allergy assessment and skin testing (PAAST) before and after a focused didactic instruction and simulation (FDIS).Methods A multicenter, quasi-experimental, cross-sectional survey study was performed among pharmacy students before and after FDIS on PAAST at two schools of pharmacy. The FDIS on PAAST consisted of an infectious disease faculty-led seminar, student-led penicillin allergy counseling interviews,...
24 July 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Appropriateness of antibiotic selection for pneumonia in the emergency department: pre- and post-order set changes
CONCLUSION: The implementation of a CDS tool for empiric management of pneumonia in the ED significantly improved the selection of appropriate antibiotics.
24 July 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Surge in Ventilator-Associated Pneumonias and Bloodstream Infections in An Academic Referral Center Converted to Treat COVID-19 Patients
CONCLUSIONS: The strain on the workforce and modifications to the IPC program very possibly underlay the findings. IPC programs continue to be essential during the pandemic.
23 July 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Effect of rapid methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal polymerase chain reaction screening on vancomycin use in the intensive care unit
CONCLUSION: The implementation of a pharmacist-driven MRSA nasal PCR screen was associated with a decrease in vancomycin duration and the number of vancomycin levels obtained in critically ill patients with suspected pneumonia.
23 July 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance of Clostridioides difficile
Clostridioides difficile (CD) is one of the top five urgent antibiotic resistance threats in USA. There is a worldwide increase in MDR of CD, with emergence of novel strains which are often more virulent and MDR. Antibiotic resistance in CD is constantly evolving with acquisition of novel resistance mechanisms, which can be transferred between different species of bacteria and among different CD strains present in the clinical setting, community, and environment. Therefore, understanding the...
23 July 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Nursing Home Antibiotic Stewardship Policy and Antibiotics Use: 2013-2017
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Although there was a decrease in antibiotic use in 2017, more time is needed to see the full impact of antibiotic stewardship policy into practice. Adjustments to programs that directly address barriers to implementation and appropriate UTI antibiotic use for residents with Alzheimer's disease are necessary to continue strengthening NH antibiotic stewardship and improve care.
23 July 2021 12:00:00>
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> - The COVID-19 pandemic: a threat to antimicrobial resistance containment
As of 23 April 2021, the outbreak of COVID-19 claimed around 150 million confirmed cases with over 3 million deaths worldwide. Yet, an even more serious but silent pandemic, that of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), is likely complicating the outcome of COVID-19 patients. This study discusses the current knowledge on the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 and highlights the likely contribution of the COVID-19 pandemic on the escalation of AMR. COVID-19 engenders extensive antibiotic overuse and misuse,...
22 July 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Antibiotic Use and Associated Risk Factors for Antibiotic Prescribing in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients
CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: There were high rates of antibiotic prescribing with low rates of microbiologically confirmed bacterial co-infection. Many patients received more than 1 course of antibiotics during hospitalization. This study highlights the importance and demand for appropriate antibiotic stewardship practices in COVID-19 patients.
22 July 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to antimicrobial resistance among undergraduate students at a large public university in 2020
CONCLUSIONS: Health education about antimicrobial stewardship and other global health issues must improve knowledge, perceptions, health behaviors, self-efficacy, and social norms.
22 July 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Patterns of Antimicrobial Use in Hospitalized Children: A Repeated Point Prevalence Survey From Pakistan
Three repeated point prevalence surveys (PPSs) were conducted in pediatric wards of 5 hospitals using the methodology developed by Global-PPS to identify key targets for interventions and antibiotic stewardship programs. Out of the 916 hospitalized patients, 865 (94.6%) were treated with at least 1 antibiotic.
22 July 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Patient understanding of and participation in infection-related care across surgical pathways: a scoping review
CONCLUSION: Existing evidence highlights a gap in patient participation in infection-related care in the surgical pathway. Standardisation of patient engagement strategies is challenging, particularly in the context of surgery, where several factors influence how the patient is able to engage and retain information. Infection-related patient engagement and participation strategies in surgery need to be inclusive and contextually fit.
22 July 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Emerging therapeutic drug monitoring of anti-infective agents in Australian hospitals - availability, performance and barriers to implementation
CONCLUSION: Translating emerging TDM evidence into daily clinical practice is slow. Concerted efforts are required to address the barriers identified and facilitate the implementation of standardised practice.
21 July 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Are hematopoietic cell transplant recipients with Gram-negative bacteremia spending more time outpatient while on intravenous antibiotics? Addressing trends over 10 years at a single center
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that, despite increased availability of outpatient suitable treatment options, allogeneic HCT recipients with GNRBs received less treatment in outpatient settings. However, among patients with similar posttransplant complications, the lack of significant decline suggests that treatment location decisions remained consistent for patients with similar posttransplant complications. These findings suggest the need for additional interventions targeting outpatient...
21 July 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Management and Microbiology of Perforated Appendicitis in Pediatric Patients: A 5-Year Retrospective Study
CONCLUSIONS: Bacteroides fragilis and E. coli were the most common intra-abdominal microbes for perforated appendicitis among our cohort. In non-critically ill children, the routine use of broad-spectrum antibiotics or continuation of antibiotics beyond discharge was not correlated with improved clinical outcomes. Additionally, WBC counts were not correlated with meaningful clinical outcomes.
21 July 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Practical Pharmacist-Led Interventions to Improve Antimicrobial Stewardship in Ghana, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia
The World Health Organisation (WHO) and others have identified, as a priority, the need to improve antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions as part of the effort to tackle antimicrobial resistance (AMR). An international health partnership model, the Commonwealth Partnerships for Antimicrobial Stewardship (CwPAMS) programme, was established between selected countries in Africa (Ghana, Tanzania, Zambia and Uganda) and the UK to support AMS. This was funded by UK aid under the Fleming Fund...
21 July 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Antimicrobial resistance in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and bacterial infections in a tertiary center in Northern Germany
CONCLUSIONS: In our tertiary center, distinct ratios of gram-positive infection with overall low ratios of MDR-bacteria were found. Adequate gram-positive coverage in the empiric therapy should be considered. Carbapenem treatment may be omitted even in nosocomial infection. In contrast, 3rd generation cephalosporins cannot be recommended even in community-acquired infection in our cirrhotic population.
21 July 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Risk of methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant <em>Enterococcus</em> (VRE) acquisition during ambulance transport: A retrospective propensity-score-matched cohort analysis
CONCLUSIONS: Our cohort study is the first to demonstrate an association between ambulance exposure and pathogen incidence, representing the first step in evaluating medical-transport-associated infection burden to eventually develop interventions to address it.
21 July 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Mechanistic aspects of plant-based silver nanoparticles against multi-drug resistant bacteria
Resistance among pathogenic bacteria to the existing antibiotics is one of the most alarming problems of the modern world. Alongwith reducing the use of antibiotics, and antibiotic stewardship, an alternative to antibiotics is much needed in the current scenario to combact infectious diseases. One alternative is to produce nanomaterials, especially, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. AgNPs are the most vital and fascinating nanoparticles because of their unique...
21 July 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Metrics for evaluating antibiotic use and prescribing in outpatient settings
Antimicrobial stewardship interventions in outpatient settings are diverse and a variety of outcomes have been used to evaluate these efforts. This narrative review describes, compares and provides specific examples of antibiotic use and other prescribing measures to help antimicrobial stewards better understand, interpret and implement metrics for this setting. A variety of data have been used including those generated from drug sales, prescribing and dispensing activities, however data...
21 July 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Coinfections with Other Respiratory Pathogens among Patients with COVID-19
Emerging evidence indicates that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected individuals are at an increased risk for coinfections; therefore, physicians need to be cognizant about excluding other treatable respiratory pathogens. Here, we report coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens in patients admitted to the coronavirus disease (COVID) care facilities of an Indian tertiary care hospital. From June 2020 through January 2021, we tested 191 patients...
21 July 2021 12:00:00>
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