- Surveillance: a prerequisite for effective antimicrobial stewardship
No abstract
10 May 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Diagnostic stewardship based on patient profiles: differential approaches in acute versus chronic infectious syndromes
Introduction: New diagnostics may be useful in clinical practice, especially in contexts of high prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO). However, misuse of diagnostic tools may lead to increased costs and worse patient outcome. Conventional and new techniques should be appropriately positioned in diagnostic algorithms to guide an appropriate use of antimicrobial therapy.Areas covered: A panel of experts identified 4 main areas in which the implementation of diagnostic stewardship is...
10 May 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Survey on Antimicrobial Drug Use Practices in California Preweaned Dairy Calves
The California (CA) dairy industry was surveyed in July 2017 to evaluate producers' knowledge and perceptions and antimicrobial drug (AMD) use in preweaned dairy calves following the implementation of the nationwide veterinary feed directive final rule (VFD) in January 2017 and prior to statewide implementation of CA Senate Bill (SB) 27 in January 2018. Together, these regulations require veterinary oversight for all uses of medically important antimicrobial drugs (MIADs) administered to...
10 May 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Self-prescribing of antibiotics by patients seeking care in Indian emergency departments
CONCLUSIONS: Self-prescribing of antibiotics occurs commonly in India. This use increases the risk for resistance due to inappropriate or unnecessary use. Promotion of antibiotic stewardship is needed to curtail such use.
10 May 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Antibiotic resistance among major pathogens compared to hospital treatment guidelines and antibiotic use in Nordic hospitals 2010-2018
CONCLUSION: Despite similar resistance rates among Enterobacteriaceae there were differences in practice guidelines for pyelonephritis and sepsis. National surveillance of antibiotic resistance can be used for comparison and optimization of guidelines and stewardship interventions to preserve the low levels of antibiotic resistance in Nordic countries.
10 May 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Non-antibiotic Approaches for Disease Prevention and Control in Nursery Pigs: A Scoping Review
Swine producers are encouraged to practice antibiotic stewardship by reducing their use of antibiotics belonging to classes of medical importance to humans. We conducted a scoping review of non-antibiotic approaches in the form of products or management practices that might prevent or control disease and thus reduce the need for antibiotics in nursery pigs. Our objectives were to systematically describe the research on this broad topic for the North American context, identify specific topics...
10 May 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Effectiveness of Trainings of General Practitioners on Antibiotic Stewardship: Methods of a Pragmatic Quasi-Experimental Study in a Controlled Before-After Design in South-East-Lower Saxony, Germany (WASA)
Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is a serious threat to global public health. It reduces the effectiveness of treatments for serious bacterial infections and thus increases the risk of fatal outcomes. Antibiotic prescriptions are often not in line with clinical evidence-based guidelines. The process of emergence of resistant bacteria can be slowed down by adherence to guidelines. Yet this adherence seems to be lacking in primary health care. Methods and Analysis: This pragmatic...
10 May 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Infection prevention in neonatal intensive care units
This article focuses on particular aspects of infection prevention concerning the treatment of high-risk neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Furthermore, some aspects regarding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) prevention and management in this setting are included. In addition we emphasize the important role of antibiotic stewardship in the NICU.
10 May 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Choosing which metrics to use when reporting antimicrobial use information to veterinarians in the Canadian swine industry
The objective of this study was to evaluate preferences for various metrics and denominators among Canadian swine veterinarians, in order to improve reporting of antimicrobial use (AMU) information to these stakeholders and to facilitate enhanced stewardship decisions. An online survey was made available to swine veterinarians across Canada; 12 responses (estimated response rate 17.6%) were submitted and analyzed. Responses represented veterinarians from every major pig-producing province and...
10 May 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Profile of co-infections & secondary infections in COVID-19 patients at a dedicated COVID-19 facility of a tertiary care Indian hospital: Implication on antimicrobial resistance
CONCLUSION: A high rate of secondary infections with resistant pathogens in COVID-19 patients highlights the importance of antimicrobial stewardship programs focussing on supporting the optimal selection of empiric treatment and rapid-de-escalation, based on culture reports.
10 May 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Linking infection control to clinical management of infections to overcome antimicrobial resistance
No abstract
9 May 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Antimicrobial stewardship solutions with a smart innovative tool
CONCLUSION: The use of a mobile app was found to be effective, applicable, and usable in guiding health professionals on rational antimicrobial use.
8 May 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Attitudes toward using clinical decision support in community pharmacies to promote antibiotic stewardship
CONCLUSION: Community pharmacies represent an important point of contact for patients and are a potentially valuable setting for outpatient stewardship interventions. Pharmacists were overwhelmingly supportive of using CDS tools to evaluate patients and promote antimicrobial stewardship. These results suggest that it would be feasible to pilot such an intervention in the community pharmacy setting.
8 May 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Cefepime use: A need for antimicrobial stewardship
CONCLUSION: Notwithstanding a highly sizable majority of validated indications, a very small proportion of cefepime prescriptions met all the criteria for proper use. In the context of increased cefepime consumption, which is favored by its increased place in the latest recommendations published in 2019, proper use of cefepime prescriptions needs to be more effectively promoted.
7 May 2021 12:00:00>
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> - CORR Insights: Antibiotic Stewardship Interventions Improve Choice of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Total Joint Arthroplasty in Patients with Reported Penicillin Allergies
No abstract
7 May 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Clinical diagnosis and treatment of common respiratory tract infections in relation to microbiological profiles in rural health facilities in China: implications for antibiotic stewardship
CONCLUSIONS: The study establishes the feasibility of conducting microbiological testing outside Tier 2 and 3 hospitals in rural China. It reveals that prescription of antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum and combined antibiotics, is still very common and there is a clear need for stewardship programs aimed at both reducing the number of prescriptions and promoting single and narrow-spectrum antibiotics.
7 May 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions about antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance among final year undergraduate medical and pharmacy students at three universities in East Africa
CONCLUSION: Final year students have low scores in knowledge about antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic use in clinical scenarios. This has exposed gaps in practical training of students, while they may feel confident, are not fully prepared to prescribe antibiotics in a hospital setting. A multidisciplinary and practical approach involving medical schools across the East African region should be undertaken to train final year undergraduate students in antimicrobial resistance and...
7 May 2021 12:00:00>
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> - ENHANCING USEFULNESS AND USABILITY OF A CLINICAL DECISION SUPPORT PROTOTYPE FOR ANTIBIOTIC STEWARDSHIP
Human factors engineering can enhance software usefulness and usability. We describe a multi-method approach to improve clinical decision support (CDS) for antibiotic stewardship. We employed a heuristic review to generate recommendations to improve the usability of a prototype CDS to support empiric antibiotic prescribing in the hospital setting. We then engaged in a design improvement cycle in collaboration with software programmers, which resulted in additional enhancements to our prototype....
7 May 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Use of electronic pharmacy transaction data and website development to assess antibiotic use in nursing homes
CONCLUSIONS: Lack of resources and infrastructure contributes to challenges facing nursing homes as they develop antibiotic stewardship programs. Our experience with using pharmacy invoice data may serve as a useful approach for nursing homes to track and report antibiotic use.
6 May 2021 12:00:00>
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> - Evaluation of Adult Outpatient Antibiotics Use at Jimma Medical Center (with Defined Daily Doses for Usage Metrics)
CONCLUSION: There was high consumption of antibiotics in the study setting. Based on the use control criteria, half of the antibiotics used were in the "Watch" group. The high level of consumptions of antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and azithromycin, in particular, requires further scrutiny and calls for an urgent implementation of an antibiotic stewardship program at the hospital.
6 May 2021 12:00:00>
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